Glioblastoma Multiforme: an Advanced Analysis of 153 Patients and Review of the Literature

Objective Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary tumor with frequent recurrences that leaves patients with a short survival time and a low quality of life. The aim of this study was to review the prognostic factors in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Material and Methods The focus of this retrospective study was a group of 153 patients with supratentorial GBM tumors, who were admitted to a tertiary-care referral academic center from 2005 to 2013. The factors associated with survival and local recurrence were assessed using the hazard ratio (HR) function of Cox proportional hazards regression and neural network analysis. Results Out of the 153 patients, 99 (64.7%) weremale. The average age of the patients was 55.69 15.10 years. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 14.0 and 7.10 months respectively. In the multivariate analysis, age (HR » 2.939, p < 0.001), operative method (HR » 7.416, p < 0.001), temozolomide (TMZ, HR » 11.723, p < 0.001), lomustine (CCNU, HR » 8.139, p < 0.001), occipital lobe involvement (HR » 3.088, p < 0.001) and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS, HR » 4.831, p < 0.001) scores were shown to be significantly associated with a higher OS rate. Furthermore, higher KPS (HR » 7.292, p < 0.001) readings, the operative method (HR » 0.493, p » 0.005), the use of CCNU (HR » 2.047, p » 0.003) and resection versus chemotherapy (HR » 0.171, p < 0.001) were the significant factors associated with the local recurrence of the tumor. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the use of CCNU and TMZ, the operative method and higher KPS readings are associated with both higher survival and lower local recurrence rates.

Objetivo Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) é um tumor primário agressivo com recorrências frequentes que deixam pacientes com uma curta sobrevida e baixa qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo é rever fatores de prognóstico em pacientes com glioblastoma multiforme. Material e Métodos O foco deste estudo retrospectivo foi um grupo de 153 pacientes com tumores GBM supratentoriais, os quais deram entrada em um centro acadêmico de atendimento de referência de 2005 a 2013. Fatores associados com a sobrevivência e a recorrência local foram avaliados usando a razão de risco (RR) da regressão de risco proporcional de Cox e análise de redes neurais. Resultados Dos 153 pacientes, 99 (64,7%) eram homens. A média de idade foi de 55,69 15,10 anos. A sobrevida geral (SG) mediana e a sobrevida de livre progressão (SLP) foram 14,0 e 7,10 meses, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, idade (RR » 2,939, p < 0,001), método operatório (RR » 7,416, p < 0,001), temozolomida (TMZ, RR » 11,723, p < 0,001), lomustina (CCNU, RR » 8,139, p < 0,001), envolvimento do lobo occipital (RR » 3,088, p < 0,001) e Índice de Desempenho de Karnofsky (IDK, RR » 4,831, p < 0,001) foram identificados como significativamente associados a uma SG maior. Além disso, leituras maiores de IDK (RR » 7,292, p < 0,001), o método operatório (RR » 0,493, p » 0,005), o uso de CCNU (RR » 2,047, p » 0,003) e ressecção versus quimioterapia (RR » 0,171, p < 0,001) foram fatores significativos associados à recorrência local de tumor. Conclusão Nossos resultados sugerem que o uso de CCNU e TMZ, o método operatório e leituras maiores de IDK estão associados tanto à maior sobrevida quanto à menor recorrência local.

Predicting ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children with hydrocephalus using artificial neural network.

OBJECTIVES: The relationships between shunt infection and predictive factors have not been previously investigated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The aim of this study was to develop an ANN model to predict shunt infection in a group of children with shunted hydrocephalus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among more than 800 ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures which had been performed between April 2000 and April 2011, 68 patients with shunt infection and 80 controls that fulfilled a set of meticulous inclusion/exclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled. Univariate analysis was performed for a long list of risk factors, and those with p value < 0.2 were used to create ANN and logistic regression (LR) models. RESULTS: Five variables including birth weight, age at the first shunting, shunt revision, prematurity, and myelomeningocele were significantly associated with shunt infection via univariate analysis, and two other variables (intraventricular hemorrhage and coincided infections) had a p value of less than 0.2. Using these seven input variables, ANN and LR models predicted shunt infection with an accuracy of 83.1 % (AUC; 91.98 %, 95 % CI) and 55.7 % (AUC; 76.5, 95 % CI), respectively. The contribution of the factors in the predictive performance of ANN in descending order was history of shunt revision, low birth weight (under 2000 g), history of prematurity, the age at the first shunt procedure, history of intraventricular hemorrhage, history of myelomeningocele, and coinfection. CONCLUSION: The findings show that artificial neural networks can predict shunt infection with a high level of accuracy in children with shunted hydrocephalus. Also, the contribution of different risk factors in the prediction of shunt infection can be determined using the trained network.

Management of advanced intracranial intradural juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: combined single-stage rhinosurgical and neurosurgical approach.

BACKGROUND: Although intracranial extension of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) occurs commonly, intradural penetration is extremely rare. Management of such tumors is a challenging issue in skull-base surgery, necessitating their removal via combined approaches. In this work, we share our experience in management of extensive intradural JNA. METHODS: In a university hospital-based setting of 2 tertiary care academic centers, retrospective chart of 6 male patients (5 between 15 and 19 years old) was reviewed. Patients presented chiefly with nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and proptosis. One of them was an aggressive recurrent tumor in a 32-year-old patient. All cases underwent combined transnasal, transmaxillary, and craniotomy approaches assisted by the use of image-guided endoscopic surgery, with craniotomy preceding the rhinosurgical approach in 3 cases. RESULTS: Adding a transcranial approach to the transnasal and transmaxillary endoscopic approaches provided 2-sided exposure and appreciated access to the huge intradural JNAs. One postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak and 1 postoperative recurrence at the site of infratemporal fossa were treated successfully. Otherwise, the course was uneventful in the remaining cases. CONCLUSION: Management of intracranial intradural JNA requires a multidisciplinary approach of combined open and endoscopic-assisted rhinosurgery and neurosurgery, because of greater risk for complications during the dissection. Carotid rupture and brain damage remain 2 catastrophic complications that should always be kept in mind. A combined rhinosurgical and neurosurgical approach also has the advantage of very modest cosmetic complications.